蓝靛果中可降解有机酸的酵母菌株筛选及鉴定

对长白山蓝靛果（Lonicera edulis）鲜果进行微生物分离纯化，筛选获得可降解有机酸的酵母菌株，研究其降酸特性和耐受性并进行生物学鉴定。结果表明:从蓝靛果果实中筛选出5株具有降酸作用的菌株，其中B5对于苹果酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸的降酸率分别为42.60%±0.85%、18.28%±0.80%、13.09%±0.61%。对菌株B5进行形态学观察，生理生化试验以及26S rDNA鉴定，菌株B5为二孢接合酵母（Zygosaccharomyces bisporus），耐受葡萄糖、SO₂质量浓度分别为250 g/L，400 mg/L，耐受酒精度为18%vol。本实验结果可为果酒产品生物降酸提供参考。     

Reversal of the Inflammatory Responses in Fabry Patient iPSC-Derived Cardiovascular Endothelial Cells by CRISPR/Cas9-Corrected Mutation

The late-onset type of Fabry disease (FD) with GLA IVS4 + 919G > A mutation has been shown to lead to cardiovascular dysfunctions. In order to eliminate variations in other aspects of the genetic background, we established the isogenic control of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for the identification of the pathogenetic factors for FD phenotypes through CRISPR/Cas9 genomic editing. We adopted droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) to efficiently capture mutational events, thus enabling isolation of the corrected FD from FD-iPSCs. Both of these exhibited the characteristics of pluripotency and phenotypic plasticity, and they can be differentiated into endothelial cells (ECs). We demonstrated the phenotypic abnormalities in FD iPSC-derived ECs (FD-ECs), including intracellular Gb3 accumulation, autophagic flux impairment, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and these abnormalities were rescued in isogenic control iPSC-derived ECs (corrected FD-ECs). Microarray profiling revealed that corrected FD-derived endothelial cells reversed the enrichment of genes in the pro-inflammatory pathway and validated the downregulation of NF-κB and the MAPK signaling pathway. Our findings highlighted the critical role of ECs in FD-associated vascular dysfunctions by establishing a reliable isogenic control and providing information on potential cellular targets to reduce the morbidity and mortality of FD patients with vascular complications.     

Inhibiting effect of heterogeneous cations aggregation enhanced by oxygen deficiency on glass formation of BaTi2O5 melts

Although remarkable development of titanate-based glasses has been achieved, challenge remains to elucidate the correlation between structure and glass-forming properties in these systems due to their complex structure that is inconsistent with the classic Zachariasen's model. In this work, we aim to correlate the structural evolution of titanate melts to their glass-forming ability (GFA). The prototypical material barium dititanate (BaTi₂O₅, BT2) melts with different GFA were rendered by controlled melting atmospheres, and the corresponding structural changes were determined using in situ high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction combined with empirical potential structure refinement and ab initio molecular dynamics. The results show that BT2 melt in reducing atmosphere shows poor GFA but that in oxidizing atmosphere presents good GFA. Structural analysis demonstrates the mean coordination number of [TiO_m] polyhedra is analogous in the melt under two different atmospheres but an enhanced heterogeneous cations aggregation takes place in the melt under reducing atmosphere, which is closely related to oxygen-deficiencies. Furthermore, we reveal that the enhanced heterogeneous cations aggregation promotes crystallization (and therefore hinders glass formation) through disordering the distribution of [TiO_m] and [BaO_n] polyhedra, changing the connectivity between these polyhedra, creating more crystal-like Ti-Ti clusters, and decreasing topological disorder of BT2 melt. Our work provides a new viewpoint to understand the GFA of titanates melt from structural heterogeneity beyond the previous perspectives that only focus on [TiO_m] polyhedra.     

Differences in indentation and wear behaviors between the two sides of thermally tempered soda lime silica glass

Thermal tempering is an industrial process widely used to make soda lime silica (SLS) glass panels stronger and tougher. During the tempering process, the upper and bottom sides of the glass may experience different cooling rates, and thus, their properties could be different. This study characterized changes in surface composition and subsurface glass network structures as well as indentation and wear resistance properties of the air- and tin-sides of 6-mm-thick SLS window panels faced toward the upper and sliding roller sides during thermal tempering. The results showed that although the chemical and structural differences detected with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and specular reflection infrared spectroscopy are subtle, there are large differences in nanoindentation behaviors and mechanochemical wear properties of the SLS glass surface. The findings of this study provide further insights into the performance difference between the air- and tin-sides of the SLS glass panel treated with thermal tempering.     

Advanced Understanding of the Electron Transfer Pathway of Cytochrome P450s

Cytochrome P450s are heme-thiolate enzymes that participate in carbon source assimilation, natural compound biosynthesis and xenobiotic metabolism in all kingdoms of life. P450s can catalyze various reactions by using a wide range of organic compounds, thus exhibiting great potential in biotechnological applications. The catalytic reactions of P450s are driven by electron equivalents that are sourced from pyridine nucleotides and delivered by cognate or matching redox partners (RPs). The electron transfer (ET) route from RPs to P450s involves one or more redox center-containing domains. As the rate of ET is one of the main determinants of P450 efficacy, an in-depth understanding of the P450 ET pathway should increase our knowledge of these important enzymes and benefit their further applications. Here, the various P450 RP systems along with current understanding of their ET routes will be reviewed. Notably, state-of-the-art structural studies of the two main types of self-sufficient P450 will also be summarized.     

KSN:一种基于知识图谱和相似度网络的Web服务发现模型

服务发现旨在解决服务信息爆炸的问题,找到定位满足服务请求者需求的服务.由于服务描述信息主要由带有噪声的短文本组成,并且具有语义稀疏的特征,因此很难提取服务描述文档的隐含上下文信息,此外,传统的服务发现方法在获取服务的特征表示后,直接进行相似度计算,其使用的度量函数是不符合人类感知的.针对上述两个问题,文中提出了一种基于知识图谱和神经相似网络的服务发现框架(KSN).它使用知识图谱来连接服务描述和规格中的实体以获得丰富的外部信息,从而增强服务描述的语义信息,使用卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network,CNN)提取服务的特征向量,并将其作为神经相似网络的输入,神经相似网络会学习一个相似度函数,用于计算服务和请求之间的相似度以支持服务发现过程.通过对ProgrammableWeb爬取的真实服务数据集的大量实验结果表明,就多种评估指标而言,KSN优于现有的Web服务发现方法.     

氧化铝纤维束织造过程中摩擦磨损性能研究

运用往复线性摩擦试验方法,搭配自制的摩擦试验夹具,模拟织造过程中氧化铝纤维束-筘齿的摩擦行为,研究加载力、预加张力和摩擦频率对悬空状态下氧化铝纤维束摩擦磨损性能的影响.结果表明:随着加载力的增加,氧化铝纤维束所受摩擦力及长丝断裂根数增加,摩擦系数减小;在预加张力为0.40 N时,氧化铝纤维束所受摩擦力和摩擦系数出现最小值,磨损程度也最小;在摩擦稳定阶段,摩擦频率增加,则氧化铝纤维束所受摩擦力先下降,后略有上升,当摩擦频率增加至5 Hz时,氧化铝纤维束的摩擦系数较1 Hz时增加18.7％,磨损程度也最为严重.     

Compliance-based testing method for fatigue crack propagation rates of mixed-mode I–II cracks

Science China Technological Sciences - Mixed-mode I-II crack-based fatigue crack propagation (FCPI-II) usually occurs in engineering structures; however, no theoretical formula or effective...